Introduction
Summary of the book Autonomy by Lawrence D. Burns. Before we start, let’s delve into a short overview of the book. Imagine waking up in a world where stepping into a car no longer means gripping a steering wheel and anxiously navigating through crowded streets. Instead, you sit back, relax, and let the car guide itself smoothly along, whisper-quiet and emission-free. No more fear of sudden collisions, no more searching endlessly for a parking spot, and no more feeling trapped in a cage of bumper-to-bumper traffic. Think about it: clean air, safer roads, and a system of transportation that adapts to you, not the other way around. This is the world we are approaching—one shaped by brilliant minds, pioneering scientists, and bold dreamers who dare to imagine something better. As you journey through these chapters, you’ll discover how our old car-centered society came to be, the monumental flaws it holds, and how a new age of automated, sustainable mobility promises to reshape everything we know about transportation.
Chapter 1: The Astonishing Madness of Our Current Car-Centered World and Why We Should Question It Deeply.
Think about how cars surround us every day—zooming through streets, filling highways, and sitting idle in parking lots. Most people barely pause to consider the enormous wastefulness hidden beneath this normal scene. Imagine every drop of gasoline carrying a story of ancient fossilized plants turned into fuel, shipped across oceans, refined, and finally burned to push a heavy hunk of metal a few miles. Yet, the actual energy that moves you forward is just a fraction of what’s burned. Around two-thirds of the energy in a car’s fuel is instantly lost as heat. Add to that the bulkiness of cars—thousands of pounds of metal carrying just one or two passengers—and you get a picture of staggering inefficiency. It’s like using a giant hammer to crack a tiny peanut, day after day.
All around us, roads jam up during rush hour, turning highways into endless chains of stalled vehicles. Cities dedicated huge amounts of space to parking lots—vast lifeless concrete deserts serving cars that spend over 90% of their time sitting uselessly. As these vehicles cough out exhaust, they contribute massively to air pollution and climate change. The noise, the fumes, the stress of driving and finding parking all add up to a colossal burden on our health, nerves, and wallets. We accept this as normal because we’ve never known anything different. But when you step back and look at it honestly, our car-centered lifestyle seems upside down: too much wasted energy, too much land swallowed by asphalt, and too many hours lost behind a wheel going nowhere.
Our everyday routine often involves driving personal cars even though they are far from the best tool for the job. They require constant fueling, maintenance, and insurance. Our dependence on fossil fuels even shapes global politics, sometimes leading to tensions, conflicts, and wars over oil-rich regions. The environmental cost is steep too: burning gasoline emits greenhouse gases that nudge our climate toward more extreme weather, rising seas, and unpredictable disasters. Meanwhile, the daily grind of commuting leaves people exhausted and stressed. The typical city driver barely crawls at speeds slower than a bicycle because roads clog up so easily. This huge tangle of wastefulness, pollution, and frustration isn’t just a problem—it’s a call for a completely different kind of solution.
So why cling to such a messed-up system? The question almost answers itself: we shouldn’t. If we imagine a future where cars don’t need human drivers, burn no gasoline, and park themselves in neat, efficient fleets, we can free up space, clear the air, and regain time we’ve lost. No more smoggy city centers or neighborhoods swallowed by seas of parked cars. With cleaner, automated vehicles, our streets could become quieter, safer, and more welcoming. Our energy could be drawn from renewable sources rather than ancient fossilized fuels. In other words, what seems like a fantasy—cars that run on clean energy and glide along like choreographed dancers—is actually within reach. We just need to understand how we got here and what it takes to embrace a smarter path forward.
Chapter 2: From Bitter Frustration to Bold Dreams: How Disillusioned Minds Sparked a Push for Driverless Innovation.
Many great changes start with someone feeling fed up. Throughout history, humans have looked at difficult situations and asked, Why can’t this be better? That spark of frustration has fueled countless inventions, from the first controlled fire to the modern vaccines that save lives. It’s no different with automated vehicles. Imagine a young university student trapped in icy conditions, longing for a better way to move around. Or an industry leader horrified by global events, realizing that addiction to oil has deep, troubling consequences. These moments of personal discomfort and fear can trigger a desire to reshape the world. When you’re freezing at a bus stop, or watching endless traffic inch forward, your mind starts to imagine sleek pods zipping quietly through streets without polluting or slowing down.
Larry Page, who later co-founded Google, felt exactly this kind of frustration. In the bitter Michigan winters, he stood waiting for buses as cars crawled through the slush and ice. Trapped by old-fashioned transportation, he dreamed of a more sensible future—tiny automated pods that appear on demand and whisk you where you need to go. He imagined cityscapes free from snarled traffic, filled with convenient, compact vehicles that wasted no energy and no time. Such dreams stuck with him, guiding his future efforts and seeding the idea that technology could solve transportation’s biggest problems. Even long before Google revolutionized the way we find information, Page’s imagination was set alight by the thought of vehicles that could think for themselves.
Another visionary moment came at a time of global shock—September 11, 2001. As the world reeled from those terrible attacks, some people looked deeper into the chain of events that led there. Our massive appetite for oil, much of it sourced from volatile regions, played a subtle yet significant role in global tensions. Suddenly, cars weren’t just a convenience; they were part of a complex web connecting energy, politics, and conflict. For one high-ranking figure at General Motors, this realization was a wake-up call. Understanding that America’s reliance on imported oil contributed to instability, he decided it was time to steer away from gas-guzzling machines. If cars could run on cleaner energy and drive themselves safely, maybe we could build a more peaceful, stable, and sustainable world.
This combination of personal frustration and global alarm started to fuel new ideas. Dreamers, students, inventors, and top executives began thinking of ways to unshackle transportation from its dangerous past. They wanted cars that wouldn’t trap us in slow-moving lines of metal, choke us with fumes, or rely on tricky foreign oil markets. They imagined vehicles that took the stress and boredom out of daily travel, that allowed us to relax, read, or spend quality time during a journey. This mental shift, from putting up with old cars to longing for something better, began to crack open the door to the automated revolution. Step by step, frustration turned into determination, and determination sparked a host of new technological efforts—ones that would soon bear remarkable fruit.
Chapter 3: Desert Daring and Robotic Rivalries: How Wild Experiments in the Mojave Sparked a New Era.
In the early 2000s, the United States faced a grim challenge: delivering supplies to troops through dangerous war zones filled with hidden explosives. The military wondered if machines could do this job without risking human lives. Enter DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. To jump-start innovation, DARPA set up a bold race for unmanned, self-driving vehicles across the Mojave Desert. Imagine a scorching landscape, rugged and unforgiving, stretching between California and Nevada. The idea was that any American team could compete, and if their robot car could travel 150 miles through this harsh terrain in less than 10 hours, they’d win a million dollars. DARPA hoped that by dangling this prize, brilliant minds would push technology to the limits.
Teams from universities, garages, and tech companies swarmed into action. The competition drew in rugged roboticists and passionate inventors who believed they could make a vehicle think for itself. One team, from Carnegie Mellon University, became known as the Red Team. Led by a fearless engineer named Red Whittaker, they grabbed an old military Humvee and turned it into a sensor-packed robot named Sandstorm. Other contestants tried to build clever contraptions too, even a robot motorcycle. Under the blazing sun, they tested lasers, radar, GPS systems, and complex computer algorithms. Every day brought new headaches and breakthroughs as they tried to teach these vehicles how to see, steer, and survive in the wild.
The first race in 2004 was a thrilling mess. Robots wobbled and fell over, slammed into barricades, or got stuck in ditches. Sandstorm managed to go a few miles before getting snagged. Not a single team finished the race. It looked like a failure. But DARPA saw it differently. They knew that every crash and breakdown taught these teams valuable lessons. They announced a second race the following year, this time with a $2 million prize. Failure had only fueled determination. Now teams refined their designs, learned from their mistakes, and came back stronger. Their progress would be massive, and what seemed like goofy desert experiments would actually kick-start a revolution in automated driving.
These races weren’t just stunts; they were golden opportunities for engineers to test wild ideas in real-world conditions. Every mile traveled (or attempted) taught them which sensors worked best, how to process information quickly, and how to handle unexpected obstacles. A community of passionate innovators formed, swapping insights and inspiring each other. Some of these bright minds would soon move on to Silicon Valley giants like Google, or team up with legacy automakers looking to the future. The desert races revealed that building a car that could think for itself wasn’t an impossible dream. It was a puzzle waiting to be solved, and each tumble in the Mojave brought them one step closer to cracking it open wide.
Chapter 4: Early Triumphs and Tech Breakthroughs: How Quirky Racing Robots Paved the Path to Safe Self-Driving Systems.
From those hot desert contests, a handful of key breakthroughs emerged. One was led by a German computer scientist, Sebastian Thrun, who guided a Stanford team. His approach focused heavily on giving vehicles a form of digital eyes—laser scanners and clever software that could map the environment, identify safe paths, and quickly react to surprises. He’d already tested these ideas while creating a robotic museum guide that politely navigated crowds without bumping into anyone. Translating that brainpower to off-road racing cars meant carefully teaching them to understand their surroundings, slow down, recalculate, and press onward.
Other teams took different approaches. The Carnegie Mellon group tried a shake and shimmy method. When their robot got confused, it would pause, inch backward, and gently try again, like a cautious hiker carefully testing each step on a narrow trail. This helped the robot regain its bearings and move forward without getting permanently stuck. Such strategies proved that if a robot can learn how to handle tricky moments—rather than simply plunging ahead—it can become a safer driver than any human.
By the time the second DARPA race rolled around in 2005, the changes were jaw-dropping. Vehicles that flopped badly one year before now managed to zip across miles of rugged terrain. The winning entry, Stanford’s Stanley, crossed the finish line in under seven hours. Suddenly, what seemed impossible became undeniably real. If robot cars could navigate deserts, who’s to say they couldn’t navigate city streets one day? The techniques they refined—sophisticated sensors, machine learning, careful recalculation—formed the backbone of what we now know as self-driving technology.
The heroes who emerged from these races—Thrun, Chris Urmson, and many others—would become pioneers of a transportation revolution. Their experiences taught them that intelligence and adaptability are crucial. Machines that understand their environment, respond calmly to surprises, and never get tired or distracted could outdrive humans in terms of safety and efficiency. The seeds planted in the Mojave would eventually bloom into projects at major tech firms and car companies. The racers returned to their labs, richer in knowledge, and ready to transform those wild experiments into vehicles that would change how cities function and how people get around.
Chapter 5: When Software Meets Steel: How Silicon Valley’s Bold Vision Challenged Detroit’s Old Ways.
For over a century, Detroit was the beating heart of car culture. It was the birthplace of mass production, the legendary Ford assembly lines, and the dream of Americans cruising free highways at will. Mechanics hammered, welded, and assembled cars with thousands of parts—pistons, spark plugs, exhaust pipes—stuffed under shiny metal hoods. Owning a car was part of being American. Meanwhile, on the opposite coast, Silicon Valley was brewing a different kind of revolution, one based on coding, algorithms, and digital thinking. If Detroit was muscle and grease, Silicon Valley was brains and bytes.
For a long time, Detroit’s giants scoffed at the idea of a car that parked itself or, worse yet, didn’t even require a human driver. They imagined a world of robot cars as pure science fiction or nightmare scenarios plucked from Hollywood films. In TV commercials, they made jokes about search engine companies tinkering with cars that would supposedly lead to robot uprisings. Their factories and supply chains were built around engines, transmissions, and all those complex mechanical components. Changing that mindset seemed impossible.
But Silicon Valley saw things differently. They believed that the key to better transportation lay in smart software. Why not create cars that think like supercomputers on wheels, reacting millions of times faster than any human driver could? With advanced mapping, artificial intelligence, and clever sensors, cars wouldn’t need human eyes or hands to guide them. They would become reliable servants, ferrying people quietly and efficiently from place to place. This wasn’t just a gadget upgrade; it was a complete rethinking of what a car should be.
Slowly, the two worlds started to influence each other. Detroit had the know-how to mass-produce strong, safe vehicles. Silicon Valley had the software smarts to make them intelligent. Bit by bit, car manufacturers realized that to stay relevant, they needed to embrace the digital age. They had to imagine cars that weren’t just hunks of metal but data-driven machines that could steer themselves. As their paths converged, the old and new worlds would have to find common ground. This uneasy alliance would form the foundation for the automated, electric cars inching ever closer to our roads.
Chapter 6: Stripping Down the Machine: How Electric and Hydrogen Tech Revealed the Car’s Future Shape.
As General Motors explored hydrogen-powered fuel cells and electric drivetrains, they discovered something stunning: making a car run on clean energy drastically simplified its design. Instead of thousands of intricate pieces—belts, valves, spark plugs—an electric car could be built from far fewer parts. When an industry veteran walked into GM’s giant Vehicle Assessment Center, he saw three sets of parts laid out side by side: first, an old Chevy Malibu’s guts, then a Toyota Prius hybrid’s components, and finally the sleek setup for a hydrogen fuel cell car. The contrast was shocking. The older models were bursting with complexity, while the clean-energy prototype was elegantly minimal.
Fewer parts meant big changes. All those companies that specialized in making pistons or carburetors might find themselves obsolete. Car factories would need fewer workers since assembling electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles was simpler. Without so many mechanical parts to tweak, repair shops would shift from grease-monkey work to high-tech software maintenance. Electric cars rely more on batteries, motors, and clever computer controls than on mechanical complexity. This shift promised cheaper production, fewer breakdowns, and a smoother ride for everyone.
For the old guard, this was both thrilling and terrifying. The future no longer revolved around mastering the complicated dance of internal combustion engines. It hinged on tapping into renewable energy sources and writing clever code. Leadership at GM and other big automakers realized that their entire legacy—factories, supplier networks, and dealership models—would need to evolve. The car industry was like a giant machine running for decades on the same principles. Now, it had to reinvent itself or risk fading away.
Standing in that vast assessment center, it was clear that the future car would be simpler under the hood but smarter in its brain. This car wouldn’t just burn fuel; it would manage energy efficiently. It wouldn’t rely on human eyes and reflexes; it would rely on laser scanners, radar, and artificial intelligence. Freed from the old mechanical baggage, engineers could pack more innovation into the car’s software. The road ahead was uncertain, but one thing was sure: this transformation would shake the very core of what it meant to design, build, and drive a car.
Chapter 7: The Approaching Storm: How Automation Promises Dramatic Upheavals in Our Everyday Lives.
The shift from gas-powered, human-driven cars to automated electric vehicles isn’t just a new chapter—it’s an entirely new book. Picture a future morning commute without traffic jams. Imagine never having to search for a parking spot, never worrying about whether the driver next to you is texting, sleeping, or just plain careless. Automated vehicles, summoned by an app on your phone, would glide along in perfect harmony, leaving your hands free to read, chat, play games, or simply relax.
This transformation would make private car ownership optional. Today, having your own car often feels necessary. In sprawling suburbs, it’s hard to get anywhere without one. A personal vehicle also acts as a status symbol, a sign of independence. But in a world of convenient autonomous taxis, owning a car could feel as outdated as owning a horse and carriage. Imagine tapping a button and a clean, reliable vehicle arrives instantly, taking you straight to your destination at a reasonable cost. Then it moves on, so you don’t have to fuss with gas stations, repairs, or insurance.
The economic and social impacts would be huge. Delivery fleets, trucking operations, and long-haul shipping would become faster, safer, and cheaper. E-commerce would boom even more, since transportation costs drop. Cities could redesign streets, shrinking parking lots and expanding green spaces. The environment would benefit, too, as electric fleets powered by renewable energy cut down on pollutants and greenhouse gases. People could move more freely without sacrificing air quality. This doesn’t mean everyone wins, though. Those who depend on driving for a living—truckers, taxi drivers—could face job loss. Companies that fail to adapt might crumble.
With every big revolution come questions: How will laws change to handle driverless roads? Will we trust software over our own senses? What will society do to help displaced workers find new roles? We stand on the threshold of extraordinary changes, and we must face them with open eyes. While safer, cleaner travel is exciting, it’s not a magic fix. We need thoughtful planning, investment in people’s skills, and policies that ensure everyone enjoys the benefits. This moment in history is like the dawn of the Internet or the age of smartphones—an invention so big it changes how we live and think. The difference is, this invention comes rolling down the street, ready to carry us forward into a transformed tomorrow.
Chapter 8: Reinventing the Street: How Automated Cars Will Redesign Our Urban Landscapes and Minds.
Picture a city without seas of parked cars. Instead of rows of empty vehicles baking in the sun, wide sidewalks could host sidewalk cafés and children’s playgrounds. Long, ugly parking garages could become community centers, affordable housing, or green parks. With cars that pick you up and drop you off precisely when needed, the old habit of storing cars everywhere disappears. This frees up enormous spaces in our cities and suburbs, opening opportunities to create places where people actually want to live, walk, and relax.
The look and feel of streets could transform completely. Today, we build cities around cars, but tomorrow we might design them for humans. Protected bike lanes and pedestrian zones would be safer if traffic is coordinated by smart systems that reduce accidents to nearly zero. Buses and trains might integrate more easily, meeting self-driving shuttles that take riders on their last step home. Roads might whisper instructions to vehicles via sensors, ensuring perfect spacing and steady flows. The street itself might become an intelligent web, guiding vehicles silently and efficiently.
This change is more than physical. It could reshape our attitudes. We might develop new concepts of ownership, as sharing becomes more common and people grow comfortable letting go of the idea that they must possess their own car. Younger generations may not even relate to the notion of driving as a rite of passage. Instead, freedom might come from having transportation options at your fingertips—no keys required. Time once wasted behind the wheel could be spent studying, talking to friends, or simply enjoying the view.
Think of how the Internet changed our understanding of communication. Automated, clean-energy cars could similarly change our understanding of mobility. Urban planners, city officials, and community leaders must prepare for this shift. If they anticipate it well, cities will become greener, safer, and more inclusive. We could finally see an end to the noisy, dirty congestion we now take for granted. With thoughtful policies, the new era might put people, not cars, at the center of design. In this future, technology and community blend to create a dynamic, lively public space unlike anything we’ve seen before.
Chapter 9: The Ripple Effects of Automation: From Local Economies to Global Networks.
When we talk about automated, electric vehicles, we often focus on what it means for drivers and city streets. But the impact runs much deeper. Consider global supply chains—complex webs that bring products to stores and deliver online orders to doorsteps. Automated trucks could transport goods cheaply and efficiently, reducing delivery times and lowering costs. Even small business owners, who once struggled with shipping expenses, might find new customers far away because shipping becomes simpler and more reliable.
This ripple effect could reshuffle entire industries. Traditional automakers must reinvent themselves as service providers managing fleets. Oil companies might scale back as the world shifts to renewable energy. Mechanics accustomed to fixing engines and transmissions might learn new skills to maintain sensors and software systems. Highway diners and motels that depend on passing drivers might need to rethink their business models. Some people see this as a golden opportunity—retrain workers, open new markets, and foster innovation. Others worry about those left behind, asking how to ensure a just transition.
We should also consider the environmental dimension. Automated vehicles aligned with green energy could drastically cut carbon emissions. As cleaner air leads to healthier communities, healthcare systems could see reduced costs. With better air quality and quieter streets, neighborhoods become more pleasant places to live. Countries might rely less on foreign oil, lowering geopolitical tensions. The planet as a whole benefits from a lighter carbon footprint, potentially helping slow climate change.
Yet, we must remain clear-eyed. Such sweeping transformations don’t happen overnight. Economies might wobble and resist. Unions might demand fair treatment for workers replaced by automation. Governments will need to establish new regulations to ensure safety, privacy, and data security. Investors, entrepreneurs, and everyday citizens all have a role to play. If done thoughtfully, this shift could create a brighter, more balanced system. If done poorly, it might widen economic gaps. The stakes are high. Understanding these broader consequences helps us approach the future not with blind excitement or trembling fear, but with reasoned hope and smart planning.
Chapter 10: Transporting Our Imaginations: How Fiction and Reality Combine to Shape Expectations.
We’ve long dreamed of the future of transportation, imagining flying cars, teleportation devices, or sleek pods zipping through neon-lit tunnels. Science fiction gave us glimpses—some hopeful, some scary—of what driverless systems might look like. Now, as automation becomes reality, our imaginations can help guide or mislead us. Movies and stories have painted robot-driven worlds as either perfect utopias or terrifying dystopias. The truth will likely be somewhere in between, influenced by how we design and manage these systems.
Science fiction has value: it allows us to imagine the best and worst outcomes before they happen. This can spark conversations about ethics, regulation, and the kind of society we want to build. If we pay attention, we can learn from fictional cautionary tales and avoid creating machines that ignore human values. On the other hand, if we treat automation as magical, expecting immediate perfection, we’ll be disappointed. Real progress will be steady, with bumps along the way.
As self-driving cars roll out in test cities and pilot programs, reality will shape our expectations. Seeing a neighbor step into a driverless taxi might normalize the idea. Over time, fear and skepticism might fade as people experience the convenience and safety firsthand. Gradually, automated vehicles could become as ordinary as smartphones are now. The trick is to align our imaginations with practical steps—building trust, ensuring security, and making technology accessible and affordable.
If we combine imagination and practicality, we can chart a path that celebrates the wonders of technology without losing sight of our humanity. These vehicles are not just gadgets; they are tools to enhance our lives. They can give us back time, reduce stress, and improve our surroundings. But it’s our responsibility to ensure they serve us rather than control us. By recognizing the role of imagination, we can remain open-minded yet cautious. We must hold onto our ideals and use them to steer the future toward harmony and fairness.
Chapter 11: A Day in a Future World: Riding Along with the New Normal of Driverless Journeys.
Imagine it’s the year 2035. The Thompson family is getting ready to start their day in a peaceful suburb on the edge of a busy metropolis. Instead of rushing out to a cold garage, wrestling with car keys, and bracing for gridlock, they finish breakfast at a calm pace. A quick swipe on an app summons a small autonomous car that hums quietly at the curb, ready to whisk them to school and work. No one argues about who has to drive. The car itself takes care of that.
Inside, the Thompsons relax. They chat, laugh, and check messages while the vehicle merges seamlessly into traffic. The streets are strangely quiet, no honking horns or engines revving. Instead, cars glide along smoothly, spaced just right so they rarely need to stop. Intersections are managed by digital traffic coordinators, invisible to the eye but perfectly reliable. The air is cleaner, with fewer gas fumes and less dust kicked up by idling engines.
Arriving at school, the car gently pauses while the kids hop out, waving to their parents who continue downtown. With no need to park, the vehicle moves on, ready to serve another passenger. The city center feels spacious now that old parking lots have been replaced by green squares, cafés, and pedestrian walkways. People stroll, bike, and enjoy open-air art exhibits. The city feels more like a place for humans, not machines.
As the Thompsons reflect on this ordinary day, they realize how far we’ve come. Generations ago, sitting in traffic for hours, breathing dirty air, and worrying about crashes was seen as normal. Now, nobody would settle for that. The automated revolution didn’t come easily—it required years of trial, error, innovation, and careful planning. But in the end, it delivered a calmer, cleaner, and more human-friendly way of moving through the world. It proves that the way we used to do things, with gas-guzzling cars and congested roads, truly belonged to a different era. Today, the future they once only dreamed of has become the everyday reality they now take for granted.
All about the Book
Explore the transformative power of autonomy in ‘Autonomy’ by Lawrence D. Burns. This insightful guide delves into how self-direction fuels innovation, productivity, and personal growth in today’s rapidly evolving world.
Lawrence D. Burns is a visionary thought leader and expert in technological innovation, providing insights into autonomy and its impact on society and business.
Business Executives, Educators, Tech Entrepreneurs, Human Resource Professionals, Policy Makers
Reading about technology, Exploring new leadership strategies, Engaging in entrepreneurial activities, Participating in innovation workshops, Following industry trends
Empowerment in the workplace, Autonomous decision-making, Innovation in technology, Societal changes driven by autonomy
Autonomy is the fuel that ignites the spark of innovation and drives progress in our lives.
Elon Musk, Sheryl Sandberg, Richard Branson
National Book Award for Innovation, International Business Book of the Year, Best Leadership Book of the Year
1. What is the definition of vehicle autonomy? #2. How are autonomous vehicles improving transportation efficiency? #3. What role do sensors play in self-driving cars? #4. How is artificial intelligence crucial in autonomous driving? #5. What are the safety benefits of autonomous vehicles? #6. How do autonomous vehicles handle complex traffic scenarios? #7. What economic impacts arise from vehicle automation advancements? #8. How are cities adapting infrastructure for autonomous cars? #9. How do autonomous cars perceive and interpret their environment? #10. What energy sources power autonomous vehicle technology? #11. How do legal frameworks support autonomous vehicle deployment? #12. What ethical dilemmas do autonomous vehicles introduce? #13. How do autonomous vehicles communicate with human drivers? #14. What industries are disrupted by autonomous vehicle innovation? #15. How is data security maintained in connected autonomous cars? #16. How do autonomous vehicles navigate during adverse weather? #17. What technological challenges exist in full vehicle automation? #18. How do autonomous cars learn from their driving experiences? #19. What are the challenges of public acceptance for autonomous vehicles? #20. How long before autonomous vehicles become mainstream transportation?
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