Introduction
Summary of the book Morality by Jonathan Sacks. Before we start, let’s delve into a short overview of the book. Discovering the Power of Morality in Today’s World Have you ever wondered why our world feels so divided and chaotic? In ‘Morality,’ Jonathan Sacks explores the essential role that morality plays in bringing people together and restoring harmony. As society rapidly changes, traditional values often get lost, leaving us uncertain about what truly matters. Sacks takes us on a journey through history, showing how moral principles have shaped civilizations and why they are more important than ever today. By understanding the roots of our current challenges, we can learn how to build a stronger, more connected community. This book is not just about rules—it’s about finding meaning, making positive choices, and working together for the common good. Whether you’re curious about why we act the way we do or eager to make a difference in your own life, ‘Morality’ offers valuable insights that are easy to understand and deeply inspiring. Dive in and discover how embracing morality can lead to a better, more united world for everyone.
Chapter 1: How Emphasizing Individuality Makes Us Feel Alone and Weak.
Imagine trying to create a beautiful symphony by yourself. Even if you’re a genius like Beethoven, without an orchestra, your music would never come alive. This shows how teamwork is essential for greatness. Similarly, our society today focuses too much on being an individual, making us feel isolated and vulnerable. Think about your favorite songs—over the years, they’ve shifted from talking about we and us to mostly me and I. This change reflects a broader trend where people prioritize their own needs over community connections. As a result, many live solitary lives, marrying later, having fewer children, and engaging less in social groups. In big cities, almost half the population lives alone, doubling the numbers from just fifty years ago. This move towards individualism can lead to loneliness, which is not just sad but also harmful to our health.
Chronic loneliness can seriously affect how we feel and function. Research has shown that feeling alone can increase stress and weaken our immune systems, making us more susceptible to illnesses. In fact, long-term loneliness is as damaging to our health as smoking fifteen cigarettes a day! This obsession with focusing on ourselves has also fueled the booming self-help industry, with thousands of books promising to solve our problems by centering on individual growth. However, this approach often leaves us feeling more disconnected and isolated. Instead of constantly seeking self-improvement, acting in service to others can bring true happiness and connection. When we help others, we step outside ourselves and see things from their perspective, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose.
To build a better life, we need to shift our focus from ‘I’ to ‘we.’ This means considering how our actions affect those around us and valuing collective well-being over personal gain. By doing so, we create stronger bonds and support systems that benefit everyone. This idea is known as ‘unselfing,’ which is the foundation of true morality. It encourages us to think beyond our immediate desires and contribute to the common good. As we move forward, understanding the importance of community over individuality can help us overcome the loneliness and vulnerability that come from living solely for ourselves. In the next chapter, we’ll explore how new ways of interacting in our digital age challenge our ability to act morally and connect deeply with others.
Chapter 2: Why Modern Relationships Make It Hard to Do the Right Thing.
Think about scrolling through your favorite social media app. You might see hundreds of friends and connections, but how many of them would truly support you in a tough time? A study from the University of Kentucky reveals that most people have only about five true friends who would go out of their way to help them. The rest are just online connections that don’t provide the same level of support. This shift towards superficial online relationships makes it harder for us to build meaningful connections that encourage us to act morally. Social media can be a great tool for staying in touch, but it also encourages shallow interactions where people only show their best sides. This can make relationships feel more like transactions than genuine bonds, weakening our ability to empathize and care for others deeply.
The rise of social media has transformed how we interact, but not always for the better. Today, the average teenager spends seven to nine hours a day on electronic devices, leaving less time for face-to-face interactions. This excessive screen time can lead to weaker social bonds and lower levels of empathy, as shown by a study from the University of California. People are more likely to feel isolated and depressed when they rely too much on online interactions instead of building real, supportive relationships. Additionally, the decline in traditional family structures, such as marriage rates dropping from 56% to 23% among young Americans since the 1960s, further reduces the support systems that promote moral behavior. Without strong family ties and face-to-face interactions, it becomes harder for individuals to think beyond their own needs and act in the interest of others.
Another challenge comes from the changing norms around relationships. Modern society often discourages moral behavior by promoting self-interest and individualism over community and cooperation. As people rely less on traditional family and community structures, they may feel less motivated to act morally towards others. This can lead to a society where people prioritize their own success and happiness over the well-being of the community. The emphasis on personal freedom and self-expression, while valuable, sometimes overshadows the importance of mutual support and responsibility. This shift can create a more fragmented and less cohesive society, where moral actions are less common and community bonds are weaker.
To overcome these challenges, it’s important to find a balance between online interactions and real-life connections. Building strong, supportive relationships in person can help foster empathy and moral behavior. Engaging in community activities, spending time with family and friends, and supporting each other in meaningful ways can strengthen the social bonds that encourage us to act ethically. By prioritizing face-to-face interactions and valuing genuine connections, we can create a more supportive and morally grounded society. In the next chapter, we’ll delve into how our economic systems can either support or undermine our moral values and the common good.
Chapter 3: How Balancing Self-Interest with Morals Can Save Our Economy and Society.
Imagine a world where everyone only cared about their own success. While this might drive some people to achieve great things, it can also lead to chaos and unfairness. In economics, balancing self-interest with moral conscience is crucial for a healthy society. Our current free market economy has achieved incredible things, like lifting millions out of poverty and creating countless products that improve our lives. Individualism has played a big role in this success, as people strive to innovate and build businesses. However, when self-interest goes unchecked by moral considerations, problems arise, such as the 2008 financial crisis. Banks and companies created unstable financial products, prioritizing profit over stability, which led to widespread economic hardship and loss of homes for millions.
This example shows how greed and lack of moral restraint can damage trust and cooperation, essential elements for a functioning society. Without a moral framework, individuals and businesses may pursue short-term gains at the expense of long-term stability and fairness. This mindset not only harms the economy but also undermines the social fabric, making it difficult for communities to thrive. Moreover, our modern pursuit of happiness has shifted from doing good to simply feeling good, often ignoring the moral dimensions of our actions. Early philosophers like Aristotle believed that true happiness comes from living virtuously, but today, happiness is often seen as the pursuit of pleasure or personal success. This superficial approach can lead to decisions that prioritize immediate gratification over ethical principles like fairness and justice.
On a personal level, we can avoid the pitfalls of unchecked self-interest by being mindful of where our happiness truly comes from. Instead of seeking the fleeting joy of buying new things, we can focus on building meaningful relationships and contributing to our communities. These actions provide deeper and more lasting satisfaction, aligning our personal goals with the well-being of others. By valuing collective happiness over individual pleasure, we create a more balanced and morally sound society. This shift encourages us to consider the broader impact of our actions and to act in ways that benefit not just ourselves but everyone around us.
In the broader economic context, integrating moral conscience into our financial systems can lead to more sustainable and equitable outcomes. Policies and practices that prioritize ethical behavior, transparency, and responsibility can prevent crises and ensure that economic growth benefits all members of society. Businesses that embrace moral values are more likely to earn trust and loyalty from customers, creating a stable foundation for long-term success. Similarly, individuals who act ethically in their personal and professional lives contribute to a culture of integrity and mutual respect. By balancing self-interest with moral considerations, we can create an economy and society that supports both individual aspirations and the common good. In the next chapter, we’ll explore the importance of having a shared moral code to maintain a stable and cohesive society.
Chapter 4: Why a Common Moral Code Is Essential for a Peaceful and Stable Society.
Picture a society where everyone follows their own set of rules without any shared principles. It would be chaotic and unstable, right? A stable society needs a shared moral code that everyone understands and agrees upon. This common set of values helps maintain order, fosters cooperation, and ensures that people treat each other with respect and fairness. Philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau have long debated the role of the state in establishing these moral foundations. Locke believed that individuals have inherent rights that the state must protect, while Rousseau argued that the state should provide for the common good. Today, Rousseau’s ideas have become more dominant, leading people to expect the state to deliver various services and support systems that used to be managed by families and communities.
However, when the state fails to meet these expectations, it can lead to disappointment and distrust among the population. For example, in 2018, only 18% of British people trusted their political parties. This lack of trust can push people towards more extreme and authoritarian leaders or populist movements that promise quick fixes but often cause more division and conflict. Additionally, the rise of identity politics—where people strongly associate their personal values with specific demographic groups like race, gender, or sexual orientation—further fragments society. Instead of focusing on commonalities, identity politics emphasize differences, creating tension and reducing the sense of a unified community. This shift from we to I undermines the shared moral codes that are necessary for societal harmony.
One way to address these challenges is to look to religion, which has historically provided a stable set of moral codes and traditions. Religions like Judaism have maintained their communities by teaching shared values and encouraging mutual support rather than relying on the government or fleeting political trends. This communal approach fosters a sense of belonging and responsibility towards others, helping to build a cohesive society. Sacks suggests that many of today’s problems originated in the 1960s when countercultural movements rejected traditional values in favor of personal freedom and experimentation. If society had maintained a more conservative approach to change, some of the current turmoil might have been avoided. By reinforcing shared moral codes and traditions, we can create a more stable and united community that resists the forces of division and conflict.
To build a stable society, it’s crucial to reaffirm and strengthen our shared moral codes. This involves recognizing the importance of common values that bind us together and promoting cooperation over competition. When people have a clear understanding of what is right and wrong, and when these values are consistently upheld, it creates a sense of security and trust within the community. Schools, families, and community organizations all play a role in teaching and reinforcing these shared morals. By doing so, we can ensure that individuals feel connected to one another and committed to the common good, rather than acting solely based on their own interests. In the next chapter, we’ll discuss how respecting the truth is fundamental to maintaining a moral and trustworthy community.
Chapter 5: The Importance of Truth in Building a Strong and Trustworthy Community.
Imagine two armies claiming victory from the same battle, each believing they won. This confusion shows how important truth is for understanding and trust. Today, with so much misinformation spread by politicians, biased news, and social media, finding the truth is harder than ever. Despite these challenges, respecting the truth is essential for a moral community. Lies and deceit have always existed, but in our modern world, the abundance of false information makes it difficult to know what’s real. The term post-truth era describes a time when emotions and personal beliefs often take precedence over objective facts, leading to confusion and division.
One major cause of this issue is postmodernist philosophy, which suggests that reality is subjective and there is no absolute truth. According to this view, texts and events can be interpreted in countless ways, making it hard to agree on shared beliefs and values. This perspective undermines the foundation of a moral community, which relies on common truths to guide behavior and decision-making. Universities, once the bastions of shared knowledge and truth, have also struggled with this shift. Instead of fostering open debates and discussions, many have become safe spaces where controversial ideas are censored, preventing the free exchange of ideas necessary for discovering deeper truths.
However, seeking the truth often involves facing uncomfortable facts and differing opinions. Judaism offers a valuable lesson with the concept of ‘argument for the sake of heaven,’ where debates are conducted with mutual respect and a genuine desire to find the truth. In these discussions, both sides listen carefully and consider each other’s perspectives without trying to win the argument. This approach encourages open dialogue and helps build trust, as everyone involved feels heard and respected. By fostering environments where truth can be pursued through respectful debate, we strengthen the moral framework that holds our community together.
Valuing the truth also means being honest in our interactions and striving for transparency in our institutions. When individuals and organizations commit to honesty, it builds trust and cooperation, which are essential for a functioning society. Trustworthy communities can work together more effectively to solve problems and support each other, creating a more harmonious and stable environment. On a personal level, being truthful helps us build stronger relationships based on mutual respect and understanding. By prioritizing truth in our lives and communities, we create a foundation of trust and moral integrity that benefits everyone. In the next chapter, we’ll explore how focusing on the future and building positive actions can help us create a more moral and hopeful society.
Chapter 6: How Focusing on the Future Can Help Us Create a More Moral and Hopeful Society.
Imagine surviving something as terrible as the Holocaust and then building a new, successful life from the ashes. This is exactly what Israel Kristol did after losing everything in Auschwitz. Instead of letting his past define him, Kristol focused on creating a better future by moving to Israel and starting a candy company. At 113 years old, he became the oldest person ever to have a bar mitzvah, showing that it’s never too late to pursue a meaningful and moral life. His story teaches us that to build a moral society, we need to look forward and work towards a better future, rather than being stuck in the past or consumed by past traumas.
One major obstacle to moving forward is the rise of public shaming, especially with the power of social media. When someone makes a mistake or expresses a controversial opinion, they can be quickly and harshly judged by a large group of people online. This modern form of vigilante justice can be harmful because it doesn’t allow for fair hearing or due process. People can be wrongly condemned without a chance to explain or defend themselves, leading to unnecessary pain and division. True justice requires impartiality and fairness, which is often missing in the rush to shame someone publicly. Instead of seeking revenge or punishment, we should aim to understand and forgive, fostering a more compassionate and united society.
Building a moral community also means breaking the cycle of retaliation and choosing forgiveness over revenge. When we respond to wrongdoing with kindness and understanding, we create opportunities for reconciliation and growth. This approach helps heal wounds and rebuild trust, which is essential for a strong and moral society. In a polarized and combative world, maintaining civility—treating each other with respect and kindness—is crucial. By choosing to forgive and support each other, we can create a more peaceful and cooperative community where everyone feels valued and included.
Looking ahead, it’s important to focus on actions that promote unity and mutual support. Small acts of kindness, like helping a neighbor or volunteering in your community, can have a big impact on building a more moral and hopeful society. These actions reinforce the idea that we are all responsible for each other’s well-being, shifting our mindset from I to we. By committing to these positive behaviors, we can create a ripple effect that inspires others to do the same, leading to widespread change and a more cohesive community. In the next chapter, we’ll discuss how our ability to make choices and create meaning is at the heart of morality and human dignity.
Chapter 7: Why Our Ability to Choose and Find Meaning Is the Heart of True Morality.
Imagine if everything you did was controlled by forces beyond your understanding, like destiny or natural laws. It would take away your sense of purpose and responsibility, wouldn’t it? Morality comes from our ability to make choices and create meaning in our lives. While modern science and theories like evolution and psychoanalysis explain a lot about how we work, they often describe us as being driven by forces outside our control. However, traditions like Judaism and Christianity emphasize that we are free to make our own decisions, giving us the power to shape our lives and moral paths.
This sense of free will sets humans apart from other creatures and is the foundation of our dignity and moral responsibility. Unlike being mere products of random chance or economic forces, our ability to choose allows us to act ethically and contribute to the greater good. When we recognize that our actions have meaning and impact, we become more motivated to make choices that benefit not just ourselves but also those around us. This understanding encourages us to build a shared moral code that fosters trust, cooperation, and mutual respect within our communities.
Creating meaning in our lives involves deciding which values and principles are important to us. We can choose to focus on individual desires, leading to a self-centered ‘I’ world, or we can commit to shared communal meanings, fostering a ‘we’ world. The latter option emphasizes collective well-being and encourages us to think beyond our own needs, promoting actions that support the common good. By prioritizing shared meanings, we develop a moral framework that guides our behavior and strengthens our communities, ensuring that everyone benefits from a cohesive and supportive society.
Without a shared moral code, society risks descending into chaos and conflict. When people act solely based on personal desires without considering the impact on others, trust and cooperation break down. A shared moral code provides the guidelines needed to navigate complex social interactions and make decisions that are fair and just. It helps us resolve conflicts peacefully and work together towards common goals. By embracing our ability to make meaningful choices and committing to a shared moral code, we can build a society that values both individual dignity and collective well-being. In the next chapter, we’ll explore why it’s important to commit to one moral code amidst the diversity of beliefs and cultures.
Chapter 8: Why Choosing and Committing to One Moral Code Matters in a Diverse World.
Imagine asking a child to group a cow, a chicken, and grass together. Their answer might depend on where they’re from and what they’ve learned. This simple experiment shows that even basic ideas can vary widely across different cultures. In our incredibly diverse world, with over 6,000 languages and countless religions and cultures, there are many different moral codes. What’s considered right in one culture might be seen as wrong in another. Understanding this diversity is important, but so is committing to a moral code that guides our actions and decisions consistently.
Moral codes come in two types: thin and thick. Thin moral codes are universal principles that apply across all cultures, like the idea of not harming others. These basic rules help create a foundation of mutual respect and safety. Thick moral codes, on the other hand, are specific to particular cultures and include detailed practices, rituals, and social norms. For example, ancient Athens valued courage and service to the city, while Chinese culture emphasizes respect for elders and piety, influenced by Confucian teachings. Both types of moral codes are important, but thick moral codes highlight the unique aspects of each culture’s values and traditions.
While it’s important to respect and understand different moral codes, committing to one helps us navigate our interactions and build strong communities. Just like learning a language, a shared moral code enables effective communication and cooperation among people. Religion has traditionally been a powerful way to spread and reinforce moral codes within large groups. In many societies, shared religious beliefs have been the glue that holds communities together, facilitating cooperation and collective action. For instance, in Bali, religious rituals help manage complex irrigation systems essential for rice farming, demonstrating how shared morals can support practical and communal needs.
In today’s world, organized religion is declining in many places, leading to challenges in maintaining shared moral codes. Without a common set of values, it becomes harder to coordinate efforts and support each other in meaningful ways. This lack of shared morals can result in increased conflict and misunderstanding, as people may no longer feel a strong connection to their community’s values. To ensure a stable and cooperative society, it’s crucial to find ways to commit to and share a common moral code, whether through religion, community organizations, or other means. In the next chapter, we’ll discuss how working together can reinvigorate our society’s moral code and create a more supportive and united community.
Chapter 9: How Working Together Can Bring Back Our Society’s Shared Morals and Unity.
Think about the events of September 11, 2001, when thousands of strangers found themselves stranded in the small town of Gander, Newfoundland. Instead of turning away, the residents of Gander welcomed these strangers with open arms, providing food, shelter, and compassion. This act of kindness on such a dark day showed the true power of humanity and the importance of a shared moral code. It demonstrated that even in the face of tragedy, people can come together to support each other, reinforcing the idea that working together is essential for a moral and united society.
Today, our world often feels filled with fear, anger, and isolation. The dominance of the market has turned society into a relentless competition for profit, while the retreat of the state has left many without the support systems they once relied on. We can’t wait for governments or markets to fix these issues alone; it’s up to each of us to take responsibility for creating positive change. This might seem overwhelming, but it starts with small acts of kindness and reaching out to those around us. Every act of care and support builds a stronger foundation for a more cooperative and compassionate society.
Jonathan Sacks calls this approach the ‘politics of covenant,’ where individuals, businesses, and communities commit to mutual responsibility for each other’s well-being. This means shifting our focus from self-interest to cooperation, prioritizing the needs of the community over personal gain. By building covenants, we create agreements that reaffirm our dedication to each other, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose. These covenants help us move away from a mindset of isolation and competition, encouraging us to work together for the common good.
Historically, the politics of covenant have led to significant positive changes, such as ending slavery and eradicating diseases. These achievements were made possible by people coming together with a shared commitment to improving society. By continuing to work collaboratively and support each other, we can address today’s challenges and build a more moral and united future. It requires dedication and care, but the rewards are immense—creating a world where everyone feels valued and connected. In the next chapter, we’ll explore how our ability to make choices and create meaning is central to our moral existence and how it shapes our society.
Chapter 10: How Our Choices and the Meaning We Create Define Our Moral Existence.
Every day, we make countless choices that shape who we are and the world around us. These choices are more than just decisions; they’re the building blocks of our moral existence. Our ability to choose allows us to create meaning in our lives, giving purpose to our actions and defining our values. Unlike being controlled by external forces, our free will empowers us to act ethically and contribute positively to our communities. This sense of agency is what makes us unique and responsible for our own moral paths.
When we make choices based on shared values and principles, we contribute to a collective moral code that benefits everyone. For example, choosing to help a friend in need or standing up against injustice reinforces the idea that we care about others and the common good. These actions build trust and cooperation, creating a supportive and ethical society. On the other hand, making selfish choices that harm others can erode trust and lead to conflict and division. Our ability to choose means that we have the power to either strengthen or weaken the moral fabric of our community with every decision we make.
Creating meaning through our choices also involves setting goals and aspirations that align with our values. Whether it’s pursuing education, building a career, or engaging in community service, these endeavors reflect what we find important and worthwhile. By focusing on goals that promote fairness, justice, and kindness, we help foster a society that values these principles. This alignment between personal goals and moral values ensures that our actions contribute to a larger, more meaningful purpose, enhancing both individual fulfillment and collective well-being.
Ultimately, our moral existence is defined by the choices we make and the meanings we create. By consciously choosing to act ethically and align our actions with our values, we build a stronger, more moral society. This process of making meaningful choices encourages us to think beyond ourselves and consider the impact of our actions on others. It fosters a sense of responsibility and interconnectedness, reminding us that our individual actions contribute to the greater good. Embracing our ability to choose and create meaning is essential for maintaining a moral and thriving community. In the next chapter, we’ll discuss the importance of committing to a shared moral code amidst the diversity of our world.
Chapter 11: The Power of Commitment: Why Embracing a Shared Moral Code Transforms Communities.
In a world full of different beliefs and cultures, committing to a shared moral code can seem challenging. However, this commitment is crucial for transforming our communities into places of trust and cooperation. When everyone agrees on a common set of values, it creates a foundation for mutual respect and understanding. This shared moral code acts like a roadmap, guiding our actions and interactions in ways that benefit everyone. By embracing a common set of principles, we can bridge cultural divides and work together towards common goals, fostering a sense of unity and purpose.
Committing to a shared moral code doesn’t mean losing your individuality or ignoring your unique cultural background. Instead, it involves finding common ground where diverse perspectives can coexist and complement each other. For example, respecting others’ beliefs and practices while adhering to universal principles like kindness and fairness can create a harmonious community. This balance allows for diversity while maintaining a cohesive moral framework that supports collective well-being. It encourages dialogue and cooperation, helping us navigate differences with empathy and respect.
A strong commitment to a shared moral code also empowers communities to address and overcome challenges together. When faced with issues like economic inequality, environmental threats, or social injustice, a united community can pool its resources and efforts to find effective solutions. This collective approach is more powerful and sustainable than individual efforts, as it leverages the strengths and contributions of all members. By working together, communities can create lasting positive change and build a resilient moral foundation that withstands external pressures and internal conflicts.
Furthermore, embracing a shared moral code fosters a sense of belonging and purpose among community members. People feel more connected and motivated when they know they are part of a community that values the same principles. This sense of belonging encourages active participation and cooperation, as individuals are more likely to contribute to something larger than themselves. It also enhances social cohesion, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting a supportive environment where everyone can thrive. By committing to shared morals, we create communities that are not only morally sound but also vibrant and dynamic places to live.
In conclusion, committing to a shared moral code is essential for transforming our diverse and fragmented world into unified and cooperative communities. It provides the necessary foundation for trust, respect, and mutual support, enabling us to work together towards common goals and overcome challenges. By finding common ground and embracing shared values, we can create a more harmonious and resilient society where everyone feels valued and connected. Embracing a shared moral code empowers us to build stronger, more supportive communities that enhance both individual and collective well-being.
All about the Book
Explore the profound insights of Jonathan Sacks in ‘Morality’, a thought-provoking guide to ethics, community, and humanity’s responsibilities. Discover how moral values shape societies and foster personal growth, inspiring readers to reflect and take action.
Jonathan Sacks was a renowned Rabbi, philosopher, and author, celebrated for his contributions to moral dialogue and Jewish thought, influencing millions around the globe with his wisdom and insights.
Ethicists, Religious Leaders, Educators, Social Workers, Philosophers
Reading Philosophy, Engaging in Community Service, Participating in Interfaith Dialogues, Writing and Blogging on Morality, Public Speaking
Ethics in Society, Community Building, Religious Tolerance, Moral Responsibility
We must remember that we are not just individuals; we are part of a community, and moral life is about the relationships we build and the responsibilities we share.
Barack Obama, Elie Wiesel, Simon Sinek
National Jewish Book Award, Sophie Prize, The Frankel Medal
1. Understand the importance of societal moral values. #2. Recognize how morality shapes human communities. #3. Learn how individualism affects modern society. #4. Explore the connection between freedom and responsibility. #5. Identify the role of moral education in society. #6. Appreciate the balance between self-interest and altruism. #7. Analyze the impact of consumerism on moral values. #8. Discover the influence of media on public morality. #9. Investigate the decline of community and social bonds. #10. Examine the relationship between science and morality. #11. Grasp the moral implications of technological advances. #12. Consider the importance of empathy in ethical behavior. #13. Reflect on the significance of ethical leadership. #14. Study how different cultures approach moral questions. #15. Discuss the role of religion in shaping morals. #16. Identify ways to foster ethical responsibility in youth. #17. Assess the challenges of moral relativism today. #18. Explore the impact of secularization on moral frameworks. #19. Learn the importance of dialogue in moral discourse. #20. Understand the necessity of trust in moral societies.
Morality Jonathan Sacks, Jonathan Sacks books, philosophy of morality, ethical living, moral philosophy, judaism and ethics, moral values in society, religion and morality, leadership and ethics, understanding morality, the meaning of morality, books on ethics
https://www.amazon.com/Morality-Jonathan-Sacks/dp/1541617802
https://audiofire.in/wp-content/uploads/covers/365.png
https://www.youtube.com/@audiobooksfire
audiofireapplink