Introduction
Summary of the Book Rise of the Rocket Girls by Nathalia Holt Before we proceed, let’s look into a brief overview of the book. Imagine a world before astronauts were household names, before gleaming spaceships captured headlines, and before powerful computers handled endless calculations. It was a time when paper, pencils, and relentless curiosity paved the way toward the stars. This book shares the untold stories of women who, hidden behind laboratory walls, turned dreams of cosmic travel into solid plans. Without recognition or fanfare, they pushed beyond conventional limits to help transform rocket technology from a shaky curiosity into a force that reached beyond Earth’s orbit. They battled social constraints, proved doubters wrong, and stood equal to any challenge. Their achievements were not just numbers on a page, but stepping stones to unknown worlds. This is their journey—the rise of the rocket girls—whose legacy continues to brighten our cosmic horizons.
Chapter 1: How One Remarkable Woman’s Mathematical Prowess Sparked A Hidden Space Revolution.
In the late 1930s, before most people even imagined sending rockets beyond Earth’s horizon, a small group of passionate engineers gathered at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to explore a bold new science: jet propulsion. Hidden away in dusty workshops and tucked behind old buildings, these pioneers tinkered with experimental engines and explosive fuels. In an era when even the word rocket carried a flavor of science fiction, their early endeavors were often ridiculed as daydreams. Yet these determined individuals, including daring visionaries like Jack Parsons and Frank Molina, carried on. Into this environment stepped Barbara Canright, an exceptional woman who defied expectations. Armed with a sharp mind and a mastery of complex math, she found herself at the very heart of calculations that would reshape aviation and, eventually, open a new pathway to space.
Barbara’s presence at what would soon become the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) was nothing short of remarkable. Women in technical fields were rare, and few hiring managers even considered them for such roles. But JPL, still in its earliest form and not yet burdened by conventional rules, recognized skill above all else. Barbara and her husband Richard first encountered this group of rocket enthusiasts through Caltech connections. She started out performing what might seem tedious arithmetic. But her calculations were no mere clerical task; they were vital building blocks, turning raw experiments into meaningful data. Her ability to transform chaotic engine test results into neat columns of figures—measuring thrust, burn times, and angles of flight—helped the team refine their early prototypes and proved that women could do so-called men’s math with unstoppable precision.
In those days, the term computer didn’t conjure images of sleek machines humming in glass rooms. Rather, it referred to a person—someone who computed numbers by hand, pencil in one hand and slide rule in the other. Barbara was one of the very first female computers, and her skill caught the attention of Macy Roberts, the forward-thinking supervisor who would soon build an entire team of women mathematicians at JPL. With Barbara as a model, Macy recruited more capable women like Virginia Prettyman. One by one, these talented female computers proved their worth. Their presence challenged the era’s widespread assumption that women could not be technical innovators. In the early 1940s, as world events heated up, this quiet revolution in the canyon labs at Caltech was only just beginning.
Back then, the idea of a female-led division within a technical lab was almost unheard of. Yet JPL embraced this pioneering structure. Macy Roberts, now a supervisor, was tasked with not only hiring women but managing them as a cohesive unit integral to the lab’s rocket work. They were not hidden away as assistants; instead, they were fundamental contributors, testing fuels, calculating trajectories, and verifying every tiny step. With each new project, these women’s calculations proved to be the intellectual bedrock of JPL’s experiments. They transformed complicated physics problems into clean rows of numbers that guided tinkering engineers. In that early moment, before automated machines and before the rise of the astronaut as a national hero, a team of women calculators began steering the course of America’s rocket future.
Chapter 2: Within Secret Canyon Laboratories, Ambitious Female Calculators Turn The Tides Of War.
As the 1940s dawned, the rumble of global conflict grew louder. The United States would soon join World War II, and the demand for new technology soared. JPL, having proven it could halve an airplane’s takeoff distance by strapping rockets beneath its wings, secured profitable Army contracts. Money flowed in to develop missiles and rocket boosters. Women like Barbara Canright and Macy Roberts found themselves no longer working on quiet experiments but on crucial military projects, often with sudden deadlines. Their meticulous computations helped JPL mix the ideal rocket propellant, a fuel combination that would provide steady thrust without blowing the test site sky-high. Math turned unpredictable chemical brews into reliable rocket recipes. The canyon labs that once felt secretive now buzzed with urgent national purpose.
JPL’s female computers were indispensable. These skilled women pored over pages of raw data generated by frantic tests. They measured combustion rates, pressure changes, and the precise chemical ratios that turned asphalt-like substances into powerful fuels. At a time when few women had the chance to earn engineering degrees (often denied entry to such programs), JPL judged them by skill alone. Advanced math skills gained through varied backgrounds—some had only typing jobs before—were enough to get them hired. Inside those canyons, they rose above society’s limitations. Their success in creating stable fuel blends, notably Jack’s Cake (named after Jack Parsons), propelled JPL to a respected position. Military brass came to rely on these quiet contributors who translated messy test results into formulas for stronger, more reliable rockets.
As the war progressed, JPL’s responsibilities escalated. They developed the Corporal missile, a guided rocket capable of carrying heavy warheads. This project, layered with complexity, needed precise math to optimize flight paths and ensure the rocket could travel hundreds of miles. The women’s computations became even more vital. They modeled how the missile would behave in different atmospheric conditions, predicted flight stability, and analyzed how adding multiple propulsion stages could push missiles ever farther. These layered stages became keys to unlocking long-distance travel, not just for weapons but potentially for space-bound craft. While their work was secretive and practical in nature, the female mathematicians began to sense that these same techniques might someday carry explorers far beyond Earth’s horizon.
Behind the scenes, JPL’s female team dreamed quietly of more than military might. Although their day-to-day work involved perfecting war instruments, some of them yearned for exploration rather than destruction. At the same time, their labor placed them at the cutting edge of technology. In an era when women’s professional roles were restricted, here were female computers shaping the destiny of aerospace engineering. They established a precedent: women could manage their own department, create essential computations, and help control the destiny of America’s airborne ambitions. Even when a promising project to put a satellite in orbit was canceled, these women did not lose hope. Instead, they pressed on, creating mathematical foundations that would eventually lead to one of humankind’s most awe-inspiring achievements—reaching out into the silent void of space.
Chapter 3: Propelling Missiles Skyward While Quietly Planting The Seeds For Cosmic Journeys.
As the war ended and the dust settled, JPL looked beyond military contracts. Their engineers, guided by advanced calculations from female computers, began to dream of peering beyond the atmospheric veil. Though the Department of Defense had called off their early attempts at launching satellites, the seed of possibility had been planted. Engineers and mathematicians recognized that the same two-stage launch principles that could send missiles farther could also send probes beyond Earth’s gravitational grip. Women like Barbara Paulson committed hours to refining equations that described rocket thrust and staging. They knew that if timing was perfect and the numbers precise, a rocket could break free from our planet’s hold and journey into the emptiness of space.
Yet, in the mid-1950s, the world’s first artificial satellite came not from the United States but from the Soviet Union. When the Russians launched Sputnik in 1957, it ignited something deep within JPL’s women. While they had contributed to powerful rockets like the Jupiter-C, they watched as their own nation failed to get a satellite off the ground first. The Jupiter-C had flown impressively high, proving the mathematics correct, yet it had carried only sandbags instead of a satellite payload. Political decisions and rivalries had delayed their chance. Now, with Sputnik beeping overhead, the pressure intensified. America needed a success story, and suddenly, JPL’s long-cherished calculations were back in demand, igniting a frantic push toward orbit and restoring hope to the women who had always believed they could do it.
In late 1957, after the Navy’s Project Vanguard suffered a humiliating on-pad explosion, JPL was finally given a green light. They already had a satellite plan hidden in their back pocket—thanks to the persistent dreams of their female computers and engineers. Working day and night, the team proved they were ready. In just under three months, on January 31, 1958, they launched Explorer 1 successfully into orbit. It was a triumphant moment, and every number behind that success, from the rocket’s thrust curve to the satellite’s stable orbit, had a woman’s careful handwriting behind it. Their computations guided flight angles and ensured that the tracking systems, like the so-called Microlock, could detect Explorer’s signal from vast distances. Calculators like Marie Crowley made sure signals could be precisely followed across the heavens.
This success ushered in a new era. The women at JPL had helped their country catch up in the space race. Now, with a fresh beacon of hope shining from above, they set their sights further. The dream of exploring not just low Earth orbit, but the Moon, Mars, and Venus, began to bloom with unprecedented vigor. Although the world’s headlines focused on astronauts and top-ranking officials, those inside the industry knew that behind every mission, a team of women translated lofty goals into attainable figures. They prepared blueprints of infinite complexity: figuring out when to launch, how fast to travel, how to correct mid-flight paths. Their success revealed an essential truth—these female mathematicians were the silent architects of America’s emerging space legacy.
Chapter 4: Fighting Gravity With Numbers, Women Forge New Paths Beyond Earth’s Borders.
As the 1950s became the 1960s, America’s priorities shifted once more. A newly formed agency, NASA, took the reins of non-military space exploration. JPL, now under NASA’s umbrella, planned bold missions to the nearest celestial neighbors. But first, they aimed for the Moon. Programs like Pioneer and Ranger were stepping stones, and every calculation required absolute precision. Women like Susan Finley worked tirelessly, charting safe paths that would let probes reach lunar orbit. It wasn’t just a matter of pointing a rocket and firing; they had to consider Earth’s spin, the Moon’s gravitational pull, and the complex orbital mechanics that would keep a spacecraft stable, not drifting into deadly silence or crashing uncontrollably.
At the same time, mathematicians like Helen Chow and Barbara Paulson wrestled with even greater challenges. The future missions to Venus and Mars demanded careful timing. They discovered that planets move in their orbits at different speeds, and to reach them, spacecraft had to be launched during narrow windows. If they missed that window, it could mean waiting years for the next proper alignment. The complexity soared, and for many, these calculations would have been impossible without human insight. Although basic electronic computers had finally arrived at JPL, early machines were slow, clunky, and prone to strange errors. Sometimes, they took longer to verify an answer than a human computer would take to solve the entire problem from scratch.
Despite the arrival of these mechanical marvels, the women often found their own brains and slide rules more reliable than any hulking IBM machine. The early digital computers had earned unfortunate nicknames due to their constant struggles. The human computers played calculation games, racing each other and the machines. Time after time, a master calculator like Helen Chow outpaced a machine known for clumsy arithmetic. In essence, the women’s intellect still outshined the very equipment intended to replace them. This era underscored a key truth: the journey into space demanded not only innovation in technology but human genius. Without the women’s patience, adaptability, and canny problem-solving, even the smallest step beyond Earth would have stumbled.
The 1960s were turbulent, both technologically and socially. As missions grew more daring, the female computers remained calm and methodical, crafting stable routes for pioneering voyages. They knew each number on their pages represented a piece of a puzzle—an element controlling million-dollar machines as they soared above the clouds. With enough preparation, even unpredictable variables like solar winds or tiny errors in thrust could be accounted for. Their calculations became the unspoken heroes of progress. By the mid-1960s, JPL’s determination had pushed beyond the Moon’s pale face. Deep inside the lab’s halls, the women had started planning the trajectories of the Mariner spacecraft, hoping to touch the edges of Venus and Mars. Their quiet diligence was slowly reshaping human destiny, one careful digit at a time.
Chapter 5: Amid Early Space Race Setbacks, Women’s Calculations Quietly Redefined Success.
With the pioneering lunar and planetary missions underway, JPL looked ahead to even more distant goals. The team dared to imagine reaching the outer planets and perhaps touring the entire solar system with robotic probes. But the path forward was far from straight. Sometimes missiles failed, sometimes trajectories drifted off course, and sometimes politics intervened. The female computers remained undeterred. Their work behind the scenes meant that every triumph, and every failure, brought new lessons. Though stung by losing the first-satellite race to Sputnik, they knew that each equation they solved and each flight path they refined was building a more solid platform for tomorrow’s ambitious leaps. Their calculations never went to waste; they were stepping stones leading toward unimaginable frontiers.
It was a bittersweet moment when JPL’s carefully tested Jupiter-C rocket proved it could have launched a satellite earlier—if only politics had allowed it. Instead, it remained a test vehicle while the world hailed Sputnik. Yet this setback did not diminish the women’s resolve. When Explorer 1 finally orbited Earth in 1958, their role became legendary, at least among those who knew the truth. The American public might have seen male faces on television screens, but in JPL’s computation rooms, women’s hands guided the numbers. They plotted radio signal tracking paths, rechecked gravitational models, and stood ready to confirm a spacecraft’s orbit even when signals temporarily went dark. Their calm assurance held mission control together at critical moments.
As NASA expanded, the goals grew bolder: Could they fly past Venus, photograph Mars’s mysterious surface, or eventually surpass the boundaries of the known solar system? These big questions rested on small numeric details. The women’s computations didn’t merely ensure rockets flew straight; they shaped scientific inquiry, determining when to launch to see certain planetary features, how close a spacecraft could safely approach, and when a cosmic alignment might provide a helpful gravitational boost. Just as a skilled archer must time the release of an arrow perfectly, these mathematicians found the right universal moment to send a spacecraft hurtling into darkness, certain it would arrive precisely where science needed it most.
Each test, failure, and eventual success contributed to their growing expertise. Even as systems advanced and new machines tried to shoulder the load, the women’s understanding of complex calculations remained vital. They learned how to coax better performance from the computers, rewriting programs and improving code. They developed techniques to predict and verify data, ensuring that no matter how far a spacecraft traveled, JPL’s links to it remained solid. Against a background of Cold War tension and the frantic space race, these women created a stable foundation, an invisible grid of reliable math under every rocket and probe. Their quiet redefinition of success, from military rockets to scientific exploration, laid the groundwork for breathtaking voyages yet to come.
Chapter 6: From Lunar Dreams To Planetary Adventures, Women Outsmart Unreliable Electronic Machines.
By the mid-1960s and into the 1970s, JPL ventured further into the solar system. Now, the lab looked beyond the Moon and Earth’s orbit toward interplanetary missions that would test the boundaries of what was possible. The work required more than mechanical reliability—it demanded intricate reasoning to navigate gravitational fields and ensure delicate spacecraft instruments survived. Missions like the early Mariners and later the Voyager program sought to journey through multiple planetary neighborhoods. This interplanetary tour required calculating astonishing flight paths, using one planet’s gravity to fling a probe toward the next. Such multi-stage gravitational assists were tremendously complex puzzles. Yet the women at JPL solved these puzzles, refining each calculation through careful analysis and, when necessary, outthinking the stubborn electronic machines that struggled to keep up.
Voyager, especially, represented the culmination of decades of calculation. The plan was ambitious: send spacecraft through a special alignment of outer planets, a rare cosmic chance that occurred only once every 175 years. Such a mission could yield unprecedented knowledge about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. But first, every fraction of a second in launch timing and every subtlety of trajectory adjustment had to be nailed down. Women like Sylvia Wallace and Sue Finley rolled up their sleeves, writing computer programs, refining calculations, and ensuring that electronic data processing finally matched human insight. This time, they didn’t compete with machines; they learned to guide and improve them, making technology an ally rather than a frustrating rival.
In parallel, these women helped establish the Deep Space Network—giant dish antennas spaced around the globe that allowed signals from distant probes to reach mission control. Without steady communication, a spacecraft zooming toward Neptune is just a silent traveler. With the DSN, every whisper of data could be captured, analyzed, and interpreted. Sue Finley’s contributions were essential here. She worked tirelessly to program and maintain these colossal instruments, ensuring that signals wouldn’t vanish into the cosmic void. Thanks to such efforts, when Voyager turned its cameras outward, Earth received astonishing images: swirling storms on Jupiter, Saturn’s majestic rings, and pale blue Uranus. Their math gave us the clearest vision of places humankind could not physically step foot upon.
Interplanetary voyages were not just long-distance trips; they were intellectual triumphs. Every decision, from adjusting a spacecraft’s orientation to timing a thruster burn, had to be perfect. One small miscalculation could mean missing a planet entirely. But the women’s careful computations, supported by improving machines under their guidance, ensured near-flawless execution. Suddenly, space was not just a cold vacuum; it was a neighborhood in which we could navigate. Their achievements defined what a truly modern exploration program looked like: humans and machines working together harmoniously. By the time the probes zipped past distant worlds, the role of female mathematicians at JPL was undeniable. They had evolved from human computers into architects of interplanetary journeys, the ultimate navigators charting courses across billions of miles.
Chapter 7: Calculating Complex Interplanetary Voyages, Female Minds Fuel Deep-Space Network Wonders.
The Grand Tour—the inspiration behind Voyager—was a crowning challenge. Engineers and mathematicians had long dreamed of sending probes on grand treks around the solar system. To do so cost-effectively, the spacecraft would need to use planetary gravity like a slingshot. But gravity assists required astonishing timing. Miss a narrow launch window and the entire trip would fail. JPL’s female team worked at the intersection of astronomical knowledge, orbital mechanics, and technological limitations. They plotted possible paths, comparing thousands of numbers. By seeing patterns in complexity, they made sense of a universe that offered no second chances.
As they refined these trajectories, more advanced computers emerged. Still, no machine automatically knew how to solve these complex puzzles. The women learned programming languages like FORTRAN and HAL, adapting to the digital age. Instead of being replaced, they became programmers, shaping how machines processed data and validated results. Their input ensured the Deep Space Network’s perfection. The DSN needed to track faint signals from satellites millions of miles away. Without human guidance, setting the exact angles and calibrations of these gargantuan antennas would have been guesswork. With their calm reasoning, the women turned guesswork into science, making the DSN a lifeline connecting Earth to spacecraft in distant cosmic realms.
These developments bore fruit. The Viking missions to Mars in the mid-1970s showcased their skill yet again. Landing on another planet’s surface was no simple feat: the lander had to separate from an orbiter at just the right moment, reorient itself, and descend gently. Once more, JPL’s female mathematicians translated this wild ambition into workable steps. By determining the best approach speeds and angles, they ensured that even after an 11-month journey, Viking’s lander could touch down safely on Martian soil. Suddenly, Mars wasn’t just a distant red dot—it was a place we could reach, study, and attempt to understand, thanks in part to women who turned complex equations into real-life achievements.
With each successful mission, their confidence and experience grew. They had survived the infancy of digital computing, trained new waves of talented women, and demonstrated that intellect and persistence could break every barrier. The world was changing too. Slowly, society began recognizing the value of having women in technical fields. Even as their early contributions remained under-celebrated in the public eye, their colleagues knew their worth. By guiding spacecraft through darkness, decoding faint signals, and ensuring safe landings, the women of JPL had truly reached for the stars. Their work fueled NASA’s ongoing explorations, making them unsung heroes whose fingerprints are on nearly every chapter of space history.
Chapter 8: New Waves Of Opportunity As Feminist Forces Transform A Technical Frontier.
The 1970s ushered in a more enlightened era, both technologically and culturally. After Viking’s success, NASA began charting missions that pushed boundaries even further. Meanwhile, the women at JPL saw fresh opportunities to step beyond the role of computer. Feminist movements challenged old assumptions that women must leave their careers if they became pregnant. Universities opened their doors wider, allowing more women to pursue engineering degrees. This shift meant the next generation of JPL recruits arrived with full engineering credentials, ready to design spacecraft themselves rather than just calculate their journeys. The old guard, women like Helen Chow and Barbara Paulson, had paved the way, showing that skill was not bound by gender.
Still, progress was not instant. For years, pregnant women at JPL were pressured to quit. The idea of offering maternity leave seemed foreign. Yet, through persistence and quiet advocacy, workplace policies began to shift. As new laws and societal changes took root, women no longer faced the same stark choice: family or career. They could have both. Encouraged by these developments, women at JPL supported one another. Those who had fought to maintain their positions when pregnant were later able to return after childbirth, forging a more compassionate culture. These changes were hard-won victories, each reflecting the strength and resilience that came naturally to women who had always defied norms in pursuit of excellence.
Helen Chow and others saw beyond immediate tasks. They knew that getting women in the door was only the first step. To truly thrive, the women needed formal engineering degrees. Helen quietly nudged new hires toward nighttime engineering classes, ensuring they could climb the ranks. These small pushes sparked big transformations. Soon, JPL had female engineers who designed spacecraft components, analyzed mission failures, and recommended future projects. As the 1980s approached, a new era beckoned, where the contributions of women would become more visible. The lab’s culture, always a bit unusual compared to the mainstream, became an example of how openness and merit could inspire genuine innovation.
Throughout these decades, the women had formed a sisterhood based on trust, skill, and mutual respect. Even as technology leapt forward, making calculations faster, their human insight remained essential. This evolving environment allowed fresh talent to arrive, women trained with modern tools who stood on the shoulders of pioneering calculators. Slowly but surely, these changes affected the whole organization. By pushing back against old assumptions, these women carved out a place for themselves and future generations. Their journey showed the world that equal opportunity isn’t just moral—it’s practical. When everyone can contribute their best, inventions are smarter, discoveries richer, and achievements grander. Now, feminism and engineering advanced hand in hand, opening the door wide for the next wave of brilliance.
Chapter 9: Legacies Of Determined Trailblazers Reverberate As Future Generations Shoot For The Stars.
As time flowed on, many of the original women retired. Their hair turned silver, and their old calculation notebooks became artifacts of a bygone era. Yet their influence persisted. The Deep Space Network, sculpted through Sue Finley’s expertise, continued to be NASA’s crucial means of talking to distant spacecraft. Missions that followed, like the Mars Pathfinder and the Mars Exploration Rovers, benefited from the trajectory math hammered out by earlier teams. Every new accomplishment, from satellites orbiting distant planets to probes journeying beyond the solar system’s edge, reflected the foundation laid by the rocket girls who proved that women’s intellect had no limits.
By the late 20th century and into the 21st, JPL had become a melting pot of male and female engineers, scientists, mathematicians, and coders. Women were no longer anomalies; they were mentors, leaders, and managers. Young girls reading about space could now imagine themselves not just calculating flight paths but standing at mission control, shaping decisions. In this transformed landscape, the contributions of the original JPL women finally earned acknowledgment. Books, documentaries, and museum exhibits slowly brought their stories to light, correcting the long silence that had hidden their feats.
Sue Finley, still working decades later, embodied continuity. She witnessed the age when people were called computers and then watched as digital computers grew small enough to sit on desktops. She saw missions that once hovered timidly around Earth’s orbit become brave journeys past Jupiter, Saturn, and beyond. Her presence confirmed that even though the faces in mission control changed, the spirit of exploration remained. Women were integral to that spirit, applying logic and creativity to crack the universe’s secrets.
Today, JPL’s halls echo with the voices of women who design autonomous rovers, improve communications, and analyze readings from interstellar probes. The trailblazers taught everyone that brilliance knows no gender. Their legacy proves that when minds are valued for their skills and given room to grow, entire industries evolve, and dreams once considered impossible take flight. The young women of the present owe a debt to these pioneers. Because of them, the phrase women in science no longer sounds like a novelty; it’s an accepted, celebrated reality. As future generations aim for the stars, they will forever benefit from the numeric genius, quiet determination, and unwavering courage of these original rocket girls who transformed the world’s understanding of outer space.
All about the Book
Explore the incredible story of the women behind NASA’s early space missions in ‘Rise of the Rocket Girls’. This inspiring narrative highlights their groundbreaking contributions to science and technology, showcasing the power of perseverance and innovation.
Nathalia Holt is a celebrated author and science writer, known for her engaging storytelling that brings scientific history to life. Her passion for uncovering women’s contributions in STEM fields illuminates the often-overlooked narratives of these trailblazers.
Women in STEM, Educators, Science Historians, Space Industry Professionals, Inspirational Speakers
Reading science history, Stargazing, Joining book clubs, Participating in science fairs, Attending lectures on space exploration
Gender equality in STEM, Recognition of women’s contributions in science, Historical representation in technology, Challenges faced by women in the workplace
The women in this story didn’t just make history; they defined it in ways that change our understanding of the universe and ourselves.
Neil deGrasse Tyson, Bill Nye, Megan Smith
Christopher Award, New York Times Notable Book, American Library Association Notable Books
1. How did women contribute to early space exploration efforts? #2. What challenges did female engineers face at JPL? #3. In what ways did teamwork drive scientific advancements? #4. How did societal expectations impact women in STEM? #5. What role did mentorship play in their careers? #6. How did calculations impact rocket trajectory success? #7. What inspired these women to pursue engineering? #8. How did JPL change during the 1940s and 50s? #9. What significance did the first satellites hold? #10. How did personal stories shape the workplace culture? #11. What was the impact of World War II on careers? #12. How did technology advancements revolutionize rocket science? #13. Why was the participation of women groundbreaking historically? #14. What obstacles did they overcome for recognition? #15. How did collaboration lead to innovation at JPL? #16. What lessons can we learn from their perseverance? #17. How did cultural shifts influence women’s roles in science? #18. In what ways did communication enhance team operations? #19. What was the legacy of these women in NASA? #20. How do their contributions continue to inspire today?
Rise of the Rocket Girls, Nathalia Holt, women in science, NASA history, female engineers, space exploration, STEM careers, inspiring women, rocket science, biography, history of computing, scientific achievements
https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Rocket-Girls-Science-Engineers/dp/1476784865
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